Introduction: Groundwater is an important part of water resources and a valuable resource for human survival, life and production activities. However, in recent years, excessive development and utilization of groundwater is not uncommon. Regional groundwater fall funnels, groundwater pollution and other problems frequently appear. It is urgent to prevent and control groundwater pollution and protect the groundwater environment.

Groundwater pollution has the characteristics of hidden pollution channels, complex pollution mechanism, huge pollution prevention system, and slow groundwater flow. Once it is polluted, it is difficult to control. Even if it costs a lot and takes a long time, it is difficult to work. To prevent and control groundwater pollution, we must adhere to the principle of "prevention first, combining prevention and control, classified management, and comprehensive management", actively control existing pollution, prevent further deterioration of water quality, and take strong measures to prevent new pollution. Specifically, the following aspects should be effectively done.

1. Improving the construction of a legal system for groundwater environmental protection and ensuring that there are laws to follow. Constructing a complete groundwater environmental protection system framework is the primary task of groundwater pollution prevention and control. In the regulations of various local governments on groundwater resources management, it is necessary to clarify the corresponding responsibilities of the government's environmental protection department, water administrative department, construction planning department, and land resource management department in the prevention and control of groundwater pollution. It is necessary to establish a comprehensive coordination mechanism for groundwater environmental protection, so that various groundwater protection work can be concretely implemented. It is necessary to ensure the sustainable use of groundwater resources from an institutional perspective.

2. Strengthen the construction of groundwater monitoring capacity and do a good job of early warning and forecasting. People's governments at all levels should strengthen the construction of groundwater monitoring capabilities, establish a network of water quality monitoring stations, improve the underground monitoring well network, and gradually establish and improve a groundwater environment monitoring system. Set up special wells for groundwater observation and establish a service system for groundwater dynamic monitoring and analysis and prediction. Focus on monitoring the water quality and level, and do a good job in early warning and forecasting. Carry out key monitoring on key polluted areas (sections), systematically grasp the development changes and dynamic characteristics of regional surface water and groundwater quality in order to reasonably delineate drinking groundwater source protection areas and reasonably determine the site selection and pollution of construction projects that may be polluted Provide a scientific and accurate basis for the storage or sewage discharge location.

3. Increase capital investment and improve pollution prevention and control capabilities. Groundwater pollution is different from surface water pollution. Pollutants enter and migrate in underground aquifers very slowly, and once the pollution is difficult to eliminate. In this regard, departments and enterprises at all levels must work hard on prevention. The anti-seepage work of municipal solid waste landfills and waste disposal sites, and the construction of urban sewage treatment plants and sewage systems should be effectively done. Efficient irrigation techniques and scientific farming methods should be used in agricultural production. Sewage discharge units should adopt advanced technology, improve production processes, and adopt closed-circuit recycling measures to eliminate the pollution of the "three industrial wastes" in the production process.

4. Strengthen environmental law enforcement and strictly investigate and deal with environmental violations. Government functional departments at all levels do their jobs effectively and implement a system of accountability for persons responsible and issues. Intensify supervision, and regulate the form of industrial and domestic sewage discharge, discharge destination, pollutant discharge concentration and discharge volume in accordance with the law. It is strictly prohibited to use seepage wells and seepage pits to discharge sewage, and it is strictly prohibited to use ditch and ponds without anti-seepage measures to transport or store waste water and other wastes containing toxic and harmful pollutants. The seepage wells, seepage pits, and naturally leaking septic tanks that are still in use should be investigated and dealt with immediately and required to be cleared and modified within a time limit. It is necessary to do a good job of preventing seepage of manure pits and sewage and it is forbidden to use untreated sewage for irrigation. According to the principle of "who pollutes, who controls", problems must be investigated and punished immediately and a hefty fine must be imposed. Enterprises that seriously affect the downstream groundwater should be shut down, stopped, merged, and transferred, and no polluting enterprises or individuals are tolerated.

Source: China Environment News